Delivery of a STING Agonist Using Lipid Nanoparticles Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Growth
Sherin Shaji, Pratikkumar Patel, Umar‐Farouk Mamani, Yuhan Guo, Sushil Koirala, Chien‐Yu Lin, Mohammed Alahmari, Evanthia Omoscharka, Kun Cheng
Abstract
Introduction: The tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic cancer is highly immunosuppressive and characterized by a large number of cancer-associated fibroblasts, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic reticulum receptor that plays a critical role in immunity. STING agonists have demonstrated the ability to inflame the TME, reduce tumor burden, and confer anti-tumor activity in mouse models. 2'3' cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate (2'3'-cGAMP) is a high-affinity endogenous ligand of STING. However, delivering cGAMP to antigen-presenting cells and tumor cells within the cytosol remains challenging due to membrane impermeability and poor stability. Methods: In this study, we encapsulated 2'3'-cGAMP in a lipid nanoparticle (cGAMP-LNP) designed for efficient cellular delivery. We assessed the properties of the nanoparticles using a series of in-vitro studies designed to evaluate their cellular uptake, cytosolic release, and minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we examined the nanoparticle's anti-tumor effect in a syngeneic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Results: The lipid platform significantly increased the cellular uptake of 2'3'-cGAMP. cGAMP-LNP exhibited promising antitumor activity in the syngeneic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Discussion: The LNP platform shows promise for delivering exogenous 2'3'-cGAMP or its derivatives in cancer therapy.