Application of Intelligent Paradigm through Neural Networks for Numerical Solution of Multiorder Fractional Differential Equations
Naveed Ahmad Khan, Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf, Carlos Andrés Tavera Romero, Muhammad Sulaiman, Maharani A. Bakar
Abstract
In this study, the intelligent computational strength of neural networks (NNs) based on the backpropagated Levenberg-Marquardt (BLM) algorithm is utilized to investigate the numerical solution of nonlinear multiorder fractional differential equations (FDEs). The reference data set for the design of the BLM-NN algorithm for different examples of FDEs are generated by using the exact solutions. To obtain the numerical solutions, multiple operations based on training, validation, and testing on the reference data set are carried out by the design scheme for various orders of FDEs. The approximate solutions by the BLM-NN algorithm are compared with analytical solutions and performance based on mean square error (MSE), error histogram (EH), regression, and curve fitting. This further validates the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.