Clinical practice guideline: evidence, recommendations and algorithm for the preoperative optimization of anemia, hyperglycemia and smoking
Joshua Greenberg, Terry Zwiep, Joseph Sadek, Janine Malcolm, Kerri A. Mullen, Daniel I. McIsaac, Reilly Musselman, Husein Moloo
Abstract
Clinical practice guideline: evidence, recommendations and algorithm for the preoperative optimization of anemia, hyperglycemia and smoking F or most of the 20th century, the focus of research in surgery was improvements in intraoperative technique, which led to major technical paradigm shifts exemplified by the evolution of transurethral resection of the prostate, 1 laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 2 endovascular aneurysm repair 3 and total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer, 4 among many others. The late 1990s and early 2000s marked a shift in surgical research toward the evidencebased management of patients in the perioperative period, beginning with the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Group's systematic review of patients undergoing colorectal surgery. 5 That publication introduced a new paradigm focused on the impact that standardized perioperative care could have on patient outcomes such as length of stay, postoperative pain and overall complication rates. lthough a large body of literature now exists to help guide the intraoperative and perioperative management of surgical patients, our working group believes that the preoperative period, which we define as the 8 weeks