Detection of Metanil Yellow Adulteration in Turmeric Powder Using Nano Nickel Cobalt Oxide Modified Graphite Electrode
Shreya Nag, Debangana Das, Hemanta Naskar, Bipan Tudu, Rajib Bandyopadhyay, Runu Banerjee Roy
Abstract
A nickel cobalt oxide nanoparticle modified graphite paste electrode (NiCo <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> @GP) was developed to detect and quantify metanil yellow traces (MY) present in food particles and is presented in this paper. Nanoparticles of nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealing 18.75 nm crystallite size and these nanoparticles were used to modify a graphite paste electrode. The performance of the fabricated electrodes was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). NiCo <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> @GP displayed a wide linear range of 5 to 1000 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a limit of detection of 100 nM under optimal experimental conditions. Additionally, NiCo <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> @GP was highly repeatable, reproducible, and stable over time. Despite interferences such as sodium, potassium, zinc ions, and curcumin, the NiCo <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> @GP electrode was observed to be highly selective for MY. When exposed to real turmeric powder samples, NiCo <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> @GP exhibited remarkable electrochemical behavior.