Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Cod (<i>Gadus morhua)</i> Heads: Lab and Pilot Scale Studies
Jannicke Fugledal Remme, Guro Møen Tveit, Bendik Toldnes, Rasa Šližytė, Ana Karina Carvajal
Abstract
Cod heads were hydrolysed using different enzymes (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Papain, Bromelain, and Protamex) at concentration of 0.1% for 1 hour and different water/raw material ratios. The most promising processing conditions were further verified in large-scale trials in a pilot plant. The results showed that the water/raw material ratios had little effect on hydrolysis yield, protein content, or the molecular weight distribution in hydrolysate. However, different enzymes led to differences in chemical composition and molecular weight distribution. Protein recovery was lower in the pilot trial, primarily because pilot and industrial processing equipment must be adapted and optimized to the raw material and process. Upscaling proved that high-quality protein powder can be produced from cod heads. The product has a neutral smell, light color, contains more than 80% protein, and could serve as an excellent source of protein for human consumption.