Biology, life table parameters, and functional response of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on different stages of invasive Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Sadaf sajjad, Amjad Sultan, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Imam Din Keerio, Muhammad Samiullah Channa, Muhammad Faheem Akbar
Abstract
Studies on the biology, life table parameters, and functional response of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea, were carried out on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus, under laboratory conditions. The highest larval survival rate (90.50%) was recorded on S. cerealella and then on P. marginatus (85%). The highest life table values of C. carnea, lx (0.91), R0 (106.45), T (50 days), Mx (263), and rm (0.10), were recorded on S. cerealella, whereas doubling time (6.95) and death rate (0.11) were recorded on P. marginatus. The 1st instar of C. carnea to both nymphal instars of P. marginatus exhibited type II functional response, whereas the 2nd and 3rd instars exhibited type III functional response. Predators such as C. carnea with type III functional response to P. marginatus are recognized as an effectual biological control agent as it can efficaciously establish and manage the P. marginatus population.