Heat Stress-Mediated Activation of Immune–Inflammatory Pathways
Juan Manuel Cantet, Zhantao Yu, A.G. Ríus
Abstract
Physiological changes in animals exposed to elevated ambient temperature are characterized by the redistribution of blood toward the periphery to dissipate heat, with a consequent decline in blood flow and oxygen and nutrient supply to splanchnic tissues. Metabolic adaptations and gut dysfunction lead to oxidative stress, translocation of lumen contents, and release of proinflammatory mediators, activating a systemic inflammatory response. This review discusses the activation and development of the inflammatory response in heat-stressed models.
Topics & Concepts
Proinflammatory cytokineOxidative stressInflammationSplanchnicHeat stressImmune systemImmunologyChemistryCell biologyBlood flowMedicineBiologyEndocrinologyInternal medicineAnimal scienceEffects of Environmental Stressors on LivestockThermoregulation and physiological responsesClimate Change and Health Impacts