Evaluating the exit pressure method for measurements of normal stress difference at high shear rates
Dahang Tang, Flávio H. Marchesini, Ludwig Cardon, Dagmar R. D’hooge
Abstract
A challenge for polymer rheology is the reliable determination of shear dependent first normal stress difference (N1 values) at high shear rates (>10 s−1). Here, we evaluate the correctness of the commonly applied exit pressure method focusing on polypropylene and high and low density polyethylene melts at 200 °C. It is demonstrated that the linear extrapolation of pressure values toward the die exit, which is a key step in the application of the exit pressure method, is affordable to determine N1 values despite that these extrapolated exit pressure values are characterized by a relative deviation of 25%–40%. The validity of the exit pressure method is further supported by an excellent match with rheological data from the Laun rule (exponent close to 0.7) and a representative simulation of extrudate swelling data in the width and height direction, considering tuned parameters for the Phan–Thien–Tanner constitutive model. Also, the absence of a significant viscous heating effect near the die exit is highlighted based on numerical analysis.