Efficacy of memory training interventions targeting metacognition for older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Enrico Sella, Elena Carbone, Margherita Vincenzi, Enrico Toffalini, Erika Borella
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This review examined the evidence about training interventions targeting metacognition in improving memory and cognitive performance, metacognitive functioning, and well-being in healthy older adults. METHODS: Studies were identified in the PsycInfo, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The risk of bias was assessed using tools based on the Joanna Briggs criteria. The data were meta-analyzed using random effects models for those training targeting metacognition alone (metacognitive training) or combined with memory strategy training (strategic metacognitive training). RESULTS: = 0.21 [95% CI: 0.07; 0.35]). CONCLUSION: Interventions targeting metacognition (alone or combined with memory strategy training) have the potential to support older adults' memory and metacognitive functioning. The methodological quality of most studies on the topic was often limited, however. Furthermore, well-designed studies needed to confirm the benefits of such interventions in older age.