Detachable Nanoparticle-Enhanced Chemoimmunotherapy Based on Precise Killing of Tumor Seeds and Normalizing the Growing Soil Strategy
Lei Wang, Kaili Ding, Cuixia Zheng, Huifang Xiao, Xinxin Liu, Lingling Sun, Rida Omer, Qianhua Feng, Zhenzhong Zhang
Abstract
Although immunogenic cell death (ICD)-based chemoimmunotherapy elicits an immune response, it always focuses on eliminating "seeds" (tumor cells) but neglects "soil" (tumor microenvironment, TME), leading to tumor growth and metastasis. Herein, a type of detachable core-shell nanoplatform (DOX@HA-MMP-2-DEAP/CXB) is developed, which could swell in the acidic TME because of the protonation of the 3-diethylaminopropyl isothiocyanate (DEAP) inner core for celecoxib (CXB) release, while hyaluronic acid@doxorubicine (HA@DOX) prodrug in the outer shell could release by the cleavage of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) peptide. HA@DOX targets tumor cells precisely for triggering ICD. And CXB acts on multiple immune cells to remodulate TME, such as increasing the infiltration of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, decreasing the infiltration of the immunosuppressive cells, and eliminating the physical barriers between T cells and tumor cells. For comparison, HA-DOCA/DOX/CXB traditional nanoparticles are constructed. And DOX@HA-MMP-2-DEAP/CXB performs an impressive antitumor effect, which shows potential in enhancing the effect of chemoimmunotherapy.