Jet breakup in superfluid and normal liquid <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>He</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>

Abstract

The breakup of jets of superfluid and normal liquid ${}^{4}$He is studied between 1.2 K and the liquid-vapor critical point at 5.2 K. Both gas and liquid properties vary widely over this small temperature range, creating a unique parameter space with variations of several orders of magnitude for the Ohnesorge number, Reynolds number, and gas-liquid density ratio. The five breakup regimes seen previously, and transitions between them, are described in detail and shown pictorially. New criteria are proposed for the Rayleigh to 1st wind, 1st wind to sinuous, and sinuous to 2nd wind transitions.

Topics & Concepts