Phosphatidylserine Liposomes Reduce Inflammatory Response, Mycobacterial Viability, and HIV Replication in Coinfected Human Macrophages
Noemi Poerio, Nadia Caccamo, Marco Pio La Manna, Tommaso Olimpieri, Lucia Henrici De Angelis, Marco Maria D’Andrea, Francesco Dieli, Maurizio Fraziano
Abstract
Chronic immune activation is the key pathogenetic event of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. We assessed the therapeutic value of phosphatidylserine-liposome (PS-L) in an in vitro model of M. tuberculosis-HIV coinfection. PS-L reduced nuclear factor-κB activation and the downstream production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in bacille Calmette-Guérin-infected macrophages and of TNF-α and IL-1β in M. tuberculosis-infected and M. tuberculosis-HIV-coinfected macrophages. Importantly, a significant reduction of intracellular M. tuberculosis viability and HIV replication were also observed. These results support the further exploitation of PS-L as host-directed therapy for M. tuberculosis-HIV coinfection.