Activated persulfate and peroxymonosulfate based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for antibiotics degradation – A review
Zhila Honarmandrad, Xun Sun, Zhaohui Wang, Mu. Naushad, Grzegorz Boczkaj
Abstract
Sulfate radical AOPs (SR-AOP) were successfully utilized in degradation of antibiotics in water and wastewater treatment. The review discusses details on SR-AOPs mechanisms and applications for antibiotics degradation. The progress in this field was discussed, highlighting the most promising developments and remaining challenges. The applicability of SR-AOPs was summarized revealing the most susceptible and persistent to oxidation groups of pharmaceuticals. Highest effectiveness was reported for degradation of pharmaceuticals on ppb level. Systems revealed a scavenging effect in case of oxidant dose 0.7mM of the PS and 2mM of PMS. Future development demands simple persulfates activation systems for real matrix treatment.