Selective Synthesis and Characterization of the Highly Energetic Materials 1‐Hydroxy‐5<i>H</i>‐tetrazole (CHN<sub>4</sub>O), its Anion 1‐Oxido‐5<i>H</i>‐tetrazolate (CN<sub>4</sub>O<sup>−</sup>) and Bis(1‐hydroxytetrazol‐5‐yl)triazene
Thomas M. Klapötke, Moritz Kofen, Laszlo Schmidt, Jörg Stierstorfer, Maximilian H. H. Wurzenberger
Abstract
Abstract For the first time, an adequate selective synthesis, circumventing the formation of 2‐hydroxy‐5 H ‐tetrazole, of 1‐hydroxy‐5 H ‐tetrazole (HTO), as well as the synthesis of bis(1‐hydroxytetrazol‐5‐yl)triazene (H 3 T) are reported. Several salts thereof were synthesized and characterized which resulted in the formation of new primary and secondary explosives containing the 1‐oxidotetrazolate unit. Molecular structures are characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, 1 H and 13 C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. Calculation of the detonation performance using the Explo5 code confirmed the energetic properties of 1‐hydroxy‐5 H ‐tetrazole. The detonation properties can be adjusted to the requirements for those of a secondary explosive by forming the hydroxylammonium ( 6 ) or hydrazinium ( 7 ) salts, or to meet the requirements of a primary explosive by forming the silver salt 4 , which shows a fast DDT on contact with a flame. The sensitivities of all compounds towards external stimuli such as impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge were measured.