Cytokine clusters as potential diagnostic markers of disease activity and renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus
Joonhong Park, Woori Jang, Hye Sun Park, Ki Hyun Park, Seung‐Ki Kwok, Sung‐Hwan Park, Eun‐Jee Oh
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe interactions among cytokines and to identify subgroups of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients based on cytokine levels using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. METHODS: Levels of 12 cytokines were measured using sensitive multiplex bead assays and associations with SLE features including disease activity and renal involvement were assessed. RESULTS: In a group of 203 SLE patients, strong correlations were observed between interleukin (IL)6 and interferon (IFN)γ levels (r = 0.624), IL17 and IFNγ levels (r = 0.768), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)1α and MIP1β levels (r = 0.675). Cluster analysis revealed two distinct patient groups characterized by high levels of IL8, MIP1α, and MIP1β (group 1) or of IL2, IL6, IL10, IL12, IFNγ, and tumor necrosis factor α (group 2). Active disease was more common in group 1 (49/88, 55.7%) than in group 2 (40/115, 34.8%). More patients in group 2 had renal involvement (42/115, 36.5%) than in group 1 (22/88, 25%). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of cytokine profiles can identify distinct SLE patient subgroups and aid in understanding clinical heterogeneity and immunological phenotypes.