Coupled Inductor Based Voltage Balancing in Dual-Output <i>CLL</i> Resonant Converter for Bipolar DC Distribution System
Ubaid Ahmad, Honnyong Cha
Abstract
Bipolar dc distribution systems face imbalances in voltages when unbalanced loads are connected at the outputs. To address imbalances in bipolar voltage levels, dedicated voltage balancers are required. However, they add extra active and/or passive components; including, magnetics, capacitors, etc. This increases the cost, reduces the conversion efficiency, and power density of dual-output converters. Therefore, to tackle the imbalances in output voltages without adding any extra active and/or passive components, this article presents coupled inductor ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CI</i> ) based voltage balancing in dual-output <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CLL</i> resonant converter. The main features of the proposed method are as follows: since <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CI</i> is the result of already present resonant inductors of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CLL</i> tank circuit, therefore, it does not require extra magnetic components to balance the output voltages; with no additional components, it does not increase the magnetic volume, component count, cost, and complexity of the converter; due to the direct coupling, a half of circuit inductances are integrated to achieve the respective resonant inductance of the tank circuit; and it can also avoid complex control schemes applied to voltage balancing. Besides, with the proposed <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CI</i> , the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CLL</i> converter maintains all of its good features including; zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS). The detailed analysis of the proposed <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CI</i> with different load conditions is discussed. Moreover, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> or Type-12 resonant tank circuit is presented to validate ZVZCS operation in the reverse power flow condition. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CI</i> based voltage balancing, a 3.6-kW hardware prototype has been built and tested.