Wireless Communication Between Paired Leadless Pacemakers for Dual-Chamber Synchrony
Daniel J. Cantillon, Alok Gambhir, Rajesh Banker, Mayer Rashtian, Rahul N. Doshi, Nima Badie, Daniel Booth, Weiqun Yang, Peter Nee, Matthew G Fishler, David Ligon, Petr Neužil, Reinoud E. Knops
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Leadless pacemakers (LPs) can mitigate conventional pacemaker complications related to the transvenous leads and subcutaneous pocket surrounding the pulse generator. Although single-chamber leadless pacing has been established, multichamber pacing requires wireless bidirectional communication across multiple LPs to maintain synchrony. This preclinical study demonstrates the chronic performance of implant-to-implant (i2i) communication that achieves synchronous, dual-chamber pacing with 2 LPs. METHODS: The i2i communication modality employs subthreshold electrical signals conducted between implanted LPs through the blood and myocardial tissue on a beat-by-beat basis. Right atrial and right ventricular LPs were implanted in 9 ovine subjects. The i2i transmission performance was evaluated 13 weeks after implant. RESULTS: Right atrial and right ventricular LPs were implanted successfully and without complication in 9 ovine subjects. A total of 8715±457 right atrial-to-right ventricular and right ventricular-to-right atrial transmissions were sent per hour, with a success rate of 99.2±0.9%. Of periods with i2i communication failure when DDD pacing was not possible, 97.3±1.8% were resolved within 6 s. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, synchronized, dual-chamber pacing has been demonstrated in a chronic preclinical feasibility study by 2 leadless pacemakers using beat-to-beat, wireless communication, achieving a success rate of 99.2%.