A Review on the Biology, Ecology, and Management Tactics of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Shubh Pravat Singh Yadav, Vivek Lahutiya, Prava Paudel
Abstract
In the agronomical field, different internal and external factors are responsible for substantially diminished crop harvest. A hindrance that can be listed in those factors is insect pests. African bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is a significant polyphagous, rapacious feeder, and the serious pest of agricultural cosmos. This pest can infest a wide array of species (almost 180 plant species) and a diverse range of families regarding it to be the most versatile and economically important nuisances for crops. H. armigera is widely far-reaching throughout the globe mostly in the Asian domain. Likewise, the subsequent number of instars makes it more detrimental and positively influences its existence pattern. The biological parameters like high fecundity, reproducibility, and comparatively long-life period support in the incitement of damage threshold (DT). Thusly, this article depicts the presentation and control tactics against H. armigera, and further incorporates science and damage to acquaint this pest and access raise in production.