The Limitations of Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Oncology
Karthik Rao, Verónica Fernández‐Álvarez, Orlando Guntinas‐Lichius, M. P. Sreeram, Remco de Bree, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Arlene A. Forastiere, Pia Pace‐Asciak, Juan P. Rodrigo, Nabil F. Saba, Ohad Ronen, Ewa Florek, Gregory W. Randolph, Álvaro Sanabria, Jan B. Vermorken, Ehab Y. Hanna, Alfio Ferlito
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing head and neck oncology, offering innovations in tumor detection, treatment planning, and patient management. However, its integration into clinical practice is hindered by several limitations. These include clinician mistrust due to a lack of understanding of AI mechanisms, biases in algorithm development, and the potential over-reliance on technology, which may undermine clinical expertise. Data-related challenges, such as inconsistent quality and limited representativeness of datasets, further complicate AI's application. Ethical, legal, and privacy concerns also pose significant barriers. Addressing these issues through transparent AI systems, clinician education, and clear regulations is essential for ensuring responsible, equitable use in head and neck oncology. This manuscript explores the limitations of AI in head and neck oncology.