An Electric Vehicle Battery-Swapping System: Concept, Architectures, and Implementations
Xi Chen, Kai Xing, Feng Ni, Yujie Wu, Yongxiang Xia
Abstract
Over the years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained extensive attention and popularity worldwide. The ownership of EVs has been rapidly growing globally. The increasing EV charging (EVC) demand creates growth of electric energy demand and imposes additional stress on the power grid. To meet the required EVC demand, it is necessary to construct sufficient EV supply equipment (EVSE). The construction of EVSE is a key prerequisite for the wider deployment of EVs. Although EVC stations (CSs) have gained a default position for EV infrastructure, battery-swapping systems (BSSs) have also drawn considerable attention. In this article, we first introduce the system architectural design of BSSs. Then we present four kinds of BSS designs. The lessons learned from the practice of BSS implementation and operation in China are provided. BSS standardization is a determining issue in BSS development. State-of-the-art BSS standardization development is summarized, while key technical challenges and opportunities of BSSs are listed.