Biological Effects of Green Synthesized Al-ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze on Living Organisms
S. K. Johnsy Sugitha, R. Latha, Raja Venkatesan, Alexandre A. Vetcher, Nemat Ali, Seong‐Cheol Kim
Abstract
The synthesis of Al-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) was achieved using a green synthesis approach, utilizing leaf extract from Anisomeles indica (L.) in a straightforward co-precipitation method. The goal of this study was to investigate the production of Al-ZnO nanoparticles through the reduction and capping method utilizing Anisomeles indica (L.) leaf extract. The powder X-ray diffraction, UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with EDAX analysis were used to analyze the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of spherical structures with an average grain size of 40 nm in diameter, while UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a prominent absorption peak at 360 nm. FTIR spectra demonstrated the presence of stretching vibrations associated with O-H, N-H, C=C, C-N, and C=O as well as C-Cl groups indicating their involvement in the reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. SEM image revealed the presence of spongy, spherical, porous agglomerated nanoparticles, confirming the chemical composition of Al-ZnO nanoparticles through the use of the EDAX technique. Al-ZnO nanoparticles showed increased bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antioxidant property of the green synthesized Al-ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging with an IC50 value of 23.52 indicating excellent antioxidant capability. Green synthesized Al-ZnO nanoparticles were shown in in vivo studies on HeLa cell lines to be effective for cancer treatment. Additionally, α-amylase inhibition assay and α-glucosidase inhibition assay demonstrated their potent anti-diabetic activities. Moving forward, the current methodology suggests that the presence of phenolic groups, flavonoids, and amines in Al-ZnO nanoparticles synthesized with Anisomeles indica (L.) extract exhibit significant promise for eliciting biological responses, including antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects, in the realms of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.