Adopting a High-Polyphenolic Diet Is Associated with an Improved Glucose Profile: Prospective Analysis within the PREDIMED-Plus Trial
Anna Tresserra‐Rimbau, Sara Castro‐Barquero, Nerea Becerra‐Tomás, Nancy Babió, Miguel Ángel Martínez‐González, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fitó, Dora Romaguera, Jesús Vioqué, Ángel M. Alonso‐Gómez, Julia Wärnberǵ, J. Alfredo Martínéz, Luís Serra‐Majem, Ramón Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, José Lapetra, Xavier Pintó, Josep A. Tur, José López‐Miranda, Naomi Cano‐Ibáñez, Miguel Delgado‐Rodríguez, Pilar Matía-Martín, Lidia Daimiel, Vicente Martín, Josép Vidal, Clotilde Vázquez, Emilio Ros, Francisco Javier Basterra, María Fernández de la Puente, Eva M. Asensio, Olga Castañer, Vanessa Bullón‐Vela, Lucas Tojal‐Sierra, Enrique Gómez‐Gracia, Eugenio Cases-Pérez, Jadwiga Konieczna, Antoni Sureda, Tamara Casañas-Quintana, M. Rosa Bernal‐López, José Manuel Santos‐Lozano, Virginia Esteve-Luque, Cristina Bouzas, Zenaida Vázquez‐Ruiz, Antoni Palau‐Galindo, Rocío Barragán, Mercè López-Grau, Cristina Razquín, Leire Goicolea‐Güemez, Estefanía Toledo, Manel Vila Vergaz, Rosa M. Lamuela‐Raventós, Jordi Salas‐Salvadó
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that dietary polyphenols could reduce the incidence and complications of type-2 diabetes (T2D); although the evidence is still limited and inconsistent. This work analyzes whether changing to a diet with a higher polyphenolic content is associated with an improved glucose profile. At baseline, and at 1 year of follow-up visits, 5921 participants (mean age 65.0 ± 4.9, 48.2% women) who had overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome filled out a validated 143-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), from which polyphenol intakes were calculated. Energy-adjusted total polyphenols and subclasses were categorized in tertiles of changes. Linear mixed-effect models with random intercepts (the recruitment centers) were used to assess associations between changes in polyphenol subclasses intake and 1-year plasma glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Increments in total polyphenol intake and some classes were inversely associated with better glucose levels and HbA1c after one year of follow-up. These associations were modified when the analyses were run considering diabetes status separately. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the relationship between changes in the intake of all polyphenolic groups and T2D-related parameters in a senior population with T2D or at high-risk of developing T2D.