Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction: From Catalytic Site Design to Microenvironment Modulation
Chengming Zhang, Zhongyuan Lin, Long Jiao, Hai‐Long Jiang
Abstract
Abstract The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to high‐value carbon‐based chemicals provides a sustainable approach to achieving an artificial carbon cycle. In the decade, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a kind of porous crystalline porous materials featuring well‐defined structures, large surface area, high porosity, diverse components, easy tailorability, and controllable morphology, have attracted considerable research attention, serving as electrocatalysts to drive CO 2 reduction. In this review, the reaction mechanisms of electrochemical CO 2 reduction and the structure/component advantages of MOFs meeting the requirements of electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction are analyzed. After that, the representative progress for the precise fabrication of MOF‐based electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction, focusing on catalytic site design and microenvironment modulation, are systemically summarized. Furthermore, the emerging applications and promising research for more practical scenarios related to electrochemical CO 2 conversion are specifically proposed. Finally, the remaining challenges and future outlook of MOFs for electrochemical CO 2 reduction are further discussed.