Magnetic deep eutectic solvents – Fundamentals and applications
Patrycja Makoś‐Chełstowska, Massoud Kaykhaii, Justyna Płotka‐Wasylka, Miguel de la Guárdia
Abstract
Magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDES), a relatively new subclass of conventional deep eutectic solvents (DES) containing additional paramagnetic components in their structure. MDES exhibit a strong response toward external magnetic fields, thus they can improve many industrial and analytical applications. In addition, this new group of solvents present unique physicochemical properties that can be easily tuned by selecting the appropriate ingredients for MDES synthesis. Therefore, the reported studies on properties and applications have increased in recent years. This review highlights the structures and mechanism of MDES formation, methods of synthesis, basic physicochemical properties, including melting point/freezing point, decomposition temperature, magnetic susceptibility, dynamic viscosity, density, ionic conductivity surface tension, toxicity, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic character, together with current application in analytical and industrial methods/procedures. Moreover, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of the application MDES are critically discussed. We hope that this review will inspire many new perspectives and developments in the field of MDES applications.