Meteorological Predictions for Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Landing Site at Jezero Crater
Jorge Pla‐García, Scot Rafkin, Germán Martínez, Á. Vicente‐Retortillo, Claire Newman, Hannu Savijärvi, M. de la Torre, J. A. Rodríguez‐Manfredi, Felipe Gómez, A. Molina, Daniel Viúdez‐Moreiras, Ari‐Matti Harri
Abstract
Abstract The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ( MRAMS ) and a nested simulation of the Mars Weather Research and Forecasting model ( MarsWRF ) are used to predict the local meteorological conditions at the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site inside Jezero crater (Mars). These predictions are complemented with the COmplutense and MIchigan MArs Radiative Transfer model ( COMIMART ) and with the local Single Column Model ( SCM ) to further refine predictions of radiative forcing and the water cycle respectively. The primary objective is to facilitate interpretation of the meteorological measurements to be obtained by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer ( MEDA ) aboard the rover, but also to provide predictions of the meteorological phenomena and seasonal changes that might impact operations, from both a risk perspective and from the perspective of being better prepared to make certain measurements. A full diurnal cycle at four different seasons ( $\text{L}_{\mathrm{s}}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>L</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> $0^{\circ}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , $90^{\circ}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>90</mml:mn> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , $180^{\circ}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>180</mml:mn> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , and $270^{\circ}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>270</mml:mn> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ) is investigated. Air and ground temperatures, pressure, wind speed and direction, surface radiative fluxes and moisture data are modeled. The good agreement between observations and modeling in prior works [Pla-Garcia et al. in Icarus 280:103–113, 2016; Newman et al. in Icarus 291:203–231, 2017; Vicente-Retortillo et al. in Sci. Rep. 8(1):1–8, 2018; Savijärvi et al. in Icarus, 2020] provides confidence in utilizing these models results to predict the meteorological environment at Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site inside Jezero crater. The data returned by MEDA will determine the extent to which this confidence was justified.