Game Theory-Based Multi-Hop Routing Protocol with Metaheuristic Optimization-Based Clustering Process in WSN for Precision Agriculture
Bilal Mishaal Mohammed, Mahmood Alsaadi, Mohammed Khalaf, Alaa Sabree Awad
Abstract
In precision agriculture, a wireless sensor network (WSN) is employed to gather data pertaining to atmospheric conditions.WSN consists of sensor nodes installed at multiple points in a greenhouse for monitoring soil properties like moisture, pesticide levels, air temperature, humidity level and so on.Sensor nodes transmit the measured parametric digital information to a sink node.It further transmits the sensed data to a decision support system.The decision system uses a crop development model to effectively manage irrigation, fertilization, and climate control systems in a greenhouse.This allows for exact control over temperature and humidity levels.By using appropriate inputs, crops may be effectively managed, resulting in improved crop health and increased yield.Reliable transmission data is a crucial design objective for WSN in precision agriculture as the presence of foliage in the transmission channel causes significant attenuation of the radiated waves.Additionally, it may cause scattering and diffraction of signals as well.A dynamic data routing protocol selects the optimum data paths for node data transmission in a WSN.This paper presents a novel energy-efficient multi-hop data routing protocol for WSN precision agriculture applications.The proposed method is named Grey Wolf Optimized Coalitional Game Theory-based (GO_CGT) multi-hop routing protocol is adopted for selecting the required features to measure the importance of the corresponding fitness and dilate the feature map containing less information.Moreover, a rapid and highly which achieves 78.2% of PDR, 12% of energy consumption, 34.7% of end-to-end delay, and 247kbps of throughput.