Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of H<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O/NaB(OH)<sub>4</sub> Mixtures Using the Delft Force Field (DFF/B(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>)
Parsa Habibi, Julien R. T. Postma, Johan T. Padding, Poulumi Dey, Thijs J. H. Vlugt, Othonas A. Moultos
Abstract
<p>Sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) has a high hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub> ) gravimetric capacity of 10.7 wt %. NaBH<sub>4</sub> releases H<sub>2</sub> through a hydrolysis reaction in which aqueous NaB(OH)<sub>4</sub> is formed as a byproduct. NaB(OH)<sub>4</sub> strongly influences the thermophysical properties of aqueous solutions (i.e., densities, viscosities, and electrical conductivities) and the hydrolysis reaction kinetics and conversion of NaBH<sub>4</sub>. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to compute viscosities, electrical conductivities, and self-diffusivities of H<sub>2</sub> , Na<sup>+</sup>, and B(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> for a temperature and concentration range of 298-353 K and 0-5 mol NaB(OH)<sub>4</sub>/kg water, respectively. Continuous fractional component Monte Carlo (CFCMC) simulations are used to compute the solubilities of H<sub>2</sub> and activities of water in aqueous NaB(OH)<sub>4</sub> solutions for the same temperature and concentration range. A new force field is developed (Delft force field of B(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>: DFF/B(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>) in which B(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> is modeled as a tetrahedral structure with a scaled charge of −0.85. The OH group in B(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> is modeled as a single interaction site. This force field is based on TIP4P/2005 water and the Madrid-2019 Na<sup>+</sup> force field. The MD simulations can accurately capture the densities and viscosities within 2.5% deviation from available experimental data at 298 K up to a concentration of 5 mol NaB(OH)<sub>4</sub>/kg water. The computed electrical conductivities deviate by ca. 10% from experimental data at 298 K for the same concentration range. Based on the molecular simulations results, engineering equations are developed for shear viscosities, self-diffusivities of H<sub>2</sub>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and B(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, and solubilities of H<sub>2</sub>, which can be used to design and model NaBH<sub>4</sub> hydrolysis reactors.</p>