Whither Type 1 Diabetes?
Domenico Accili
Abstract
Since 1922, insulin has been the sole effective treatment for type 1 diabetes, which is now known to be the result of T-cell–mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.1 In 1982, the approval of synthetic recombinant human insulin by the Food and Drug Administration heralded an era of nimbler pharmacokinetics and delivery devices that yielded better outcomes. Yet, insulin-based treatments are increasingly complex, costly, and limited by the risk of hypoglycemia. Three potentially complementary approaches are vying to become the standard of care for type 1 diabetes in the 21st century; these approaches include automated devices to deliver insulin (with . . .
Topics & Concepts
Food and drug administrationMedicineType 1 diabetesInsulinStandard of careType 2 diabetesHuman insulinDrugRecombinant DNAPharmacologyDiabetes mellitusRisk analysis (engineering)PharmacokineticsIntensive care medicineBeta cellType (biology)Diabetes treatmentPatient careInternal medicineArtificial pancreasMEDLINEDiabetes and associated disordersDiabetes Management and ResearchPancreatic function and diabetes