Referred otalgia
Fatemeh Ramazani, Charmaine Szalay-Anderson, Arthur Volpato Batista, Phillip Park, Euna Hwang, Justin Chau, Justin T. Lui
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide family physicians and general otolaryngologists with a practical, evidence-based, and comprehensive approach to the management of patients presenting with suspected referred otalgia. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: . Current guidelines for the management of referred otalgia were also reviewed. MAIN MESSAGE: Otalgia is defined as pain localized to the ear. It is one of the most common head and neck presentations in primary care, otolaryngology, and emergency medicine. Secondary otalgia arises from nonotologic pathology and represents nearly 50% of otalgia cases. Otalgia in the absence of other otologic symptoms is highly indicative of a secondary cause. A thorough assessment of patients presenting with referred otalgia requires an understanding of the possible causes of this condition, including dental and oral mucosal pathologies, temporomandibular joint disorders, cervical spine pathology, sinusitis, upper airway infection, and reflux, as well as head and neck malignancy. This paper aims to highlight the most common causes of referred otalgia, their presentations, and initial options for assessment and management. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of referred otalgia makes this an important condition for family physicians to be able to assess, manage, and triage based on patient presentation and examination. Understanding the common causes of referred otalgia will help reduce wait times for specialist assessment and allow ease and speed of access to management options for patients in community clinics.