A review on electronic nose for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response in lung cancer
Rohit Vadala, Bijay Pattnaik, Sunil Bangaru, Divyanjali Rai, Jaya Tak, Seetu Kashyap, U. Verma, Geetika Yadav, RS Dhaliwal, Saurabh Mittal, Vijay Hadda, Karan Madan, Randeep Guleria, Anurag Agrawal, Anant Mohan
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the common malignancies with high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Most lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage either due to limited resources of infrastructure, trained human resources, or delay in clinical suspicion. Low-dose computed tomography has emerged as a screening tool for lung cancer detection but this may not be a feasible option for most developing countries. Electronic nose is a unique non-invasive device that has been developed for lung cancer diagnosis and monitoring response by exhaled breath analysis of volatile organic compounds. The breath-print have been shown to differ not only among lung cancer and other respiratory diseases, but also between various types of lung cancer. Hence, we postulate that the breath-print analysis by electronic nose could be a potential biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer along with monitoring treatment response in a resource-limited setting. In this review, we have consolidated the current published literature suggesting the use of an electronic nose in the diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of lung cancer.