Potato peel as substrate for Single Cell Protein in animal feed by submerged fermentation
Nimra Kiran, Fakhar-un-Nisa Yunus, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Farkhanda Manzoor, Rubina Nelofar, Abid Sarwar, Najeeb Ullah, Tariq Aziz, Abdulhakeem S. Alamri, Walaa F. Alsanie, Majid Alhomrani
Abstract
Single-cell protein (SCP) has gained attention in scientific research as a vital source of protein in animal feed and human food. Taking into account the importance of SCP, an attempt was made in the current research to grow Rhizopus oligosporus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass by selecting potato peel as a substrate. The potato peel was treated with sulfuric acid to form potato peel hydrolysate following acid hydrolysis. In 1.0-L potato peel hydrolysate, 2.5-g/L KH2PO4, 0.5-g/L MgSO4, 0.5-g/L NaCl, and 10 g/L yeast extract were taken to prepare growth media. The moisture content of potato peel was examined by following standard procedure of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC). The Kjeldahl method was used to determine the protein content, and glucose was examined by using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Optimization of SCP yield was accomplished by following the ‘one factor at a time’ method. The effect of each parameter, such as incubation period, temperature and pH on SCP production was analyzed. Bioreactor scale-up production of SCP was performed in a jar fermenter. To enhance SCP, yield co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oligosporus was used in a bioreactor that yielded 19 g/L of SCP. Thus, as a nutritional supplement for living organisms, SCP can effectively fulfill protein scarcity globally.