Study about Food Choice Determinants According to Six Types of Conditioning Motivations in a Sample of 11,960 Participants
Raquel P. F. Guiné, Elena Bartkienė, Viktória Szűcs, Monica Tarcea, Marija Ljubičić, Maša Černelič-Bizjak, Kathy K. Isoldi, Ayman El-Meghawry El-Kenawy, Vanessa Alves Ferreira, Evita Straumīte, Małgorzata Korzeniowska, Elena Vittadini, Marcela Leal, Lucía Frez‐Muñoz, Μαρία Παπαγεωργίου, Ilija Đjekić, Manuela Ferreira, Paula Correia, Ana Paula Cardoso, João Duarte
Abstract
Many aspects linked to personal characteristics, society and culture constitute some of the motivators that drive food choice. The aim of this work was to determine in what extent the eating behaviors of individuals are shaped by six different types of determinants, namely: health, emotions, price and availability, society and culture, environment and politics, and marketing and commercials. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, involving a non-probabilistic sample of 11,960 participants from 16 countries. The objective of this work was to validate the questionnaire, so as to make it suitable for application in different contexts and different countries. For that, six scales were considered for validation by confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modelling. The obtained results showed that the six individual scales evaluated presented good or very good fitting indices, with saturation in goodness-of-fit index in all cases. The values of chi-square ratio were 6.921 (for health), 0.987 (environment), 0.610 (emotions) and 0.000 in the remaining cases (convenience, society, marketing). Furthermore, the fit was perfect, with saturation for all indices, in three of the six models (convenience, society and marketing). The results of this wok allowed the validation of the six scales, and the assessing of different types of factors that can influence food choices and eating behaviors, namely in the categories: health, emotions, price and availability, society and culture, environment and politics, and marketing and commercials.