Nonribosomal Peptides Produced by Minimal and Engineered Synthetases with Terminal Reductase Domains
Andreas Tietze, Yan‐Ni Shi, Max Kronenwerth, Helge B. Bode
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) use terminal reductase domains for 2-electron reduction of the enzyme-bound thioester releasing the generated peptides as C-terminal aldehydes. Herein, we reveal the biosynthesis of a pyrazine that originates from an aldehyde-generating minimal NRPS termed ATRed in entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus indica. Reductase domains were also investigated in terms of NRPS engineering and, although no general applicable approach was deduced, we show that they can indeed be used for the production of similar natural and unnatural pyrazinones.
Topics & Concepts
Nonribosomal peptideProtein engineeringChemistrySynthetic biologyTerminal (telecommunication)BiochemistryEnzymeBiologyComputational biologyBiosynthesisComputer scienceTelecommunicationsMicrobial Natural Products and BiosynthesisEnzyme Production and CharacterizationGenomics and Phylogenetic Studies