Diagnosis and practical management of digoxin toxicity: a narrative review and consensus
Paul Andrews, Kurt Anseeuw, Dipak Kotecha, Frédéric Lapostolle, Ruben Thanacoody
Abstract
There are currently no universally accepted guidelines for the management of digoxin toxicity. In the absence of clinical practice guidelines, a set of consensus recommendations for management of digoxin toxicity in the clinical setting were developed through a modified Delphi approach. The recommendations highlight the importance of early recognition of signs of potentially life-threatening toxicity that requires immediate treatment with digoxin-specific antibodies. The consensus identifies a straightforward approach to dosing immune antibody fragments according to the presence or absence of signs of life-threatening toxicity. Supportive measures and management of specific signs of toxicity are also covered.