One-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone and polyhydroquinoline derivatives with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs): Alternative to toxic organic solvents and environmental eco-friendly
Sedigheh Ayazi Jannatabadi, Rahman Hosseinzadeh, Behrooz Maleki
Abstract
• The Biginelli and Hantzsch reactions carried out under green and environmentally friendly conditions. • NADESs (mannose/urea and glucose/dimethylurea) was employed as an efficient, low cost and green solvent/catalyst systems in these reactions. • NADESs demonstrate excellent performance at the optimum operational conditions for a wide variety of compounds. • The catalyst displayed recoverability and reusability without any significant loss of its activity. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have emerged as a novel class of solvents with properties reminiscent of ionic liquids while offering additional advantages in terms of cost, environmental impact, and synthesis. This article focuses on the applications of NADESs of mannose:urea and glucose:dimethylurea as inexpensive, accessible, and reusable catalysts in the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone and polyhydroquinoline derivatives. The results demonstrate significant yields for both dihydropyrimidinones (47–99%) and polyhydroquinolines (90–97%) reactions using mannose:urea and glucose:dimethylurea as catalysts. The advantages of NADESs as catalysts include their simple and reproducible preparation, low cost, environmentally benign nature, long-term durability, and tunable properties. This NADESs can also be recovered and reused for four times without a significant loss of activity.