α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a therapeutic vulnerability in acute myeloid leukemia
Scott E. Millman, Almudena Chaves Perez, Sudha Janaki‐Raman, Yu-Jui Ho, John P. Morris, Varun Narendra, Chi-Chao Chen, Benjamin T. Jackson, Jossie J. Yashinskie, Riccardo Mezzadra, Tom Devine, Valentin J.A. Barthet, Michelle Saoi, Timour Baslan, Sha Tian, Zohar Sachs, Lydia W.S. Finley, Justin R. Cross, Scott W. Lowe
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Perturbations in intermediary metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and can produce therapeutically actionable dependencies. Here, we probed whether α-ketoglutarate (αKG) metabolism represents a specific vulnerability in AML. Using functional genomics, metabolomics, and mouse models, we identified the αKG dehydrogenase complex, which catalyzes the conversion of αKG to succinyl coenzyme A, as a molecular dependency across multiple models of adverse-risk AML. Inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), the E1 subunit of the αKG dehydrogenase complex, impaired AML progression and drove differentiation. Mechanistically, hindrance of αKG flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle resulted in rapid exhaustion of aspartate pools and blockade of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis, whereas cellular bioenergetics was largely preserved. Additionally, increased αKG levels after OGDH inhibition affected the biosynthesis of other critical amino acids. Thus, this work has identified a previously undescribed, functional link between certain TCA cycle components and nucleotide biosynthesis enzymes across AML. This metabolic node may serve as a cancer-specific vulnerability, amenable to therapeutic targeting in AML and perhaps in other cancers with similar metabolic wiring.