Prophylactic Impella CP versus VA-ECMO in Patients Undergoing Complex High-Risk Indicated PCI
Deborah M.F. van den Buijs, Adriaan Wilgenhof, Paul Knaapen, Carlo Zivelonghi, T Meijers, Paul Vermeersch, Fatih Arslan, Niels Verouden, A Nap, Krischan D. Sjauw, Floris S. van den Brink
Abstract
Objectives. To compare two different forms of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in patients with complex high-risk indicated PCI (CHIP): the Impella CP system and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Background. To prevent hemodynamic instability in CHIP, various MCS systems are available. However, comparable data on different forms of MCS are not at hand. Methods. In this multicenter observational study, we retrospectively evaluated all CHIP procedures with the support of an Impella CP or VA-ECMO, who were declined surgery by the heart team. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), mortality at discharge, and 30-day mortality were evaluated. Results. A total of 41 patients were included, of which 27 patients were supported with Impella CP and 14 patients with VA-ECMO. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced in both groups. No significant difference in periprocedural hemodynamic instability was observed between both groups (3.7% vs. 14.3%; <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><a:mi>p</a:mi><a:mo>=</a:mo><a:mn>0.22</a:mn></a:math> ). The composite outcome of MACE showed no significant difference (30.7% vs. 21.4%; <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><c:mi>p</c:mi><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>0.59</c:mn></c:math> ). Bleeding complications were higher in the Impella CP group, but showed no significant difference (22.2% vs. 7.1%; <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><e:mi>p</e:mi><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>0.22</e:mn></e:math> ) and occurred more at the non-Impella access site. In-hospital mortality was 7.4% in the Impella CP group versus 14.3% in the VA-ECMO group and showed no significant difference ( <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><g:mi>p</g:mi><g:mo>=</g:mo><g:mn>0.48</g:mn></g:math> ). 30-Day mortality showed no significant difference (7.4% vs. 21.4%; <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><i:mi>p</i:mi><i:mo>=</i:mo><i:mn>0.09</i:mn></i:math> ). Conclusions. In patients with CHIP, there were no significant differences in hemodynamic instability and overall MACE between VA-ECMO or Impella CP device as mechanical circulatory support. Based on this study, the choice of either VA-ECMO or Impella CP does not alter the outcome.