Dengue Suppression by Male Wolbachia-Infected Mosquitoes
Jue Tao Lim, Chee-Seng Chong, Chia-Chen Chang, Diyar Mailepessov, Borame Dickens, Yee Ling Lai, Lu Deng, Caleb Lee, Li Yun Tan, Grace Chain, Muhammad Faizal Zulkifli, Jonathan Wee Kent Liew, Kathryn Vasquez, Man Ling Chau, Youming Ng, Vernon Lee, Judith Chui Ching Wong, Shuzhen Sim, Cheong Huat Tan, Ching Ng Lee
Abstract
BACKGROUND: bacteria produce nonviable offspring owing to cytoplasmic incompatibility. Repeated releases of wolbachia-infected males can potentially suppress wild-type mosquito populations and reduce the risk of dengue virus infection. METHODS: AlbB strain of wolbachia bacteria for the control of dengue in Singapore, a tropical city-state. In this cluster-randomized trial with test-negative controls, we divided 15 geographic population clusters into two groups: 8 clusters received deployments of male wolbachia-infected mosquitoes (intervention clusters) and 7 clusters received no deployments (control clusters). The primary end point was the diagnosis of symptomatic dengue virus infection of any severity caused by any serotype of the virus, as measured by the odds ratio for the distribution of wolbachia exposure among laboratory-confirmed reported dengue cases as compared with test-negative controls. RESULTS: populations were suppressed across the intervention clusters. The baseline average abundance of the mosquitoes (number of adult female mosquitoes trapped divided by number of traps) was 0.18 and 0.19 in the intervention and control clusters, respectively; from 3 months after the initiation of the intervention until the end of the 24-month trial period, the average abundance was 0.041 and 0.277, respectively. In the intention-to-treat analysis at 6 months or more, the percentage of residents in the intervention clusters who were dengue-positive was lower than that in the control clusters (354 of 5722 tests [6%] vs. 1519 of 7080 tests [21%]). The protective efficacy of the intervention, calculated as (1 - odds ratio) × 100, ranged from 71 to 72% with 3 to 12 months or more of wolbachia mosquito exposure, as represented by odds ratios of 0.28 to 0.29. CONCLUSIONS: mosquitoes reduced vector populations and the risk of dengue infection in Singapore. (Funded by the Singapore Ministry of Finance and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05505682.).