Synthetic Homogeneous Glycoforms of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Receptor‐Binding Domain Reveals Different Binding Profiles of Monoclonal Antibodies
Farong Ye, Jie Zhao, Peng Xu, Xinliang Liu, Jing Yu, Wei Shangguan, Jiazhi Liu, Xiaosheng Luo, Cheng Li, Tianlei Ying, Jing Wang, Biao Yu, Ping Wang
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 attaches to its host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), via the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. The RBD glycoprotein is a critical target for the development of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. However, the high heterogeneity of RBD glycoforms may lead to an incomplete neutralization effect and impact the immunogenic integrity of RBD-based vaccines. Investigating the role of different carbohydrate domains is of paramount importance. Unfortunately, there is no viable method for preparing RBD glycoproteins with structurally defined glycans. Herein we describe a highly efficient and scalable strategy for the preparation of six glycosylated RBDs bearing defined structure glycoforms at T323, N331, and N343. A combination of modern oligosaccharide, peptide synthesis and recombinant protein engineering provides a robust route to decipher carbohydrate structure-function relationships.