Interactions Between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication and Major Respiratory Viruses in Human Nasal Epithelium
Andrés Pizzorno, Blandine Padey, Victoria Dulière, William Mouton, Justine Oliva, Emilie Laurent, Cédrine Milesi, Bruno Lina, Aurélien Traversier, Thomas Julien, Sophie Trouillet‐Assant, Manuel Rosa‐Calatrava, Olivier Terrier
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), along with extensive nonpharmacological interventions, have profoundly altered the epidemiology of major respiratory viruses. Some studies have described virus-virus interactions, particularly manifested by viral interference mechanisms at different scales. However, our knowledge of the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses remains incomplete. Here, we studied the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and several respiratory viruses (influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and human rhinovirus) in a reconstituted human epithelial airway model, exploring different scenarios affecting the sequence and timing of coinfections. We show that the virus type and sequence of infections are key factors in virus-virus interactions, the primary infection having a determinant role in the immune response to the secondary infection.