Conventional <i>vs.</i> direct <i>vs.</i> electrochemical lithium extraction: a holistic TEA–LCA of lithium carbonate production from spodumene
Seyedmehdi Sharifian, Sima Nikfar, Chandima Subasinghe, Zohreh Iranmanesh, Mohammad Rezaee, Ehsan Vahidi
Abstract
DLE and EDL from spodumene have lower energy use and environmental impacts compared to conventional lithium extraction. DLE achieves the highest profitability, while EDL offers the lowest carbon footprint, advancing sustainable LCE production.
Topics & Concepts
SpodumeneLithium (medication)ElectrochemistryCarbon fibersInorganic chemistryMaterials scienceChemistryLithium carbonateCarbonateSustainable energyChemical engineeringEnergy densityHigh energyTransition metalMetallurgyEnergy storageNuclear chemistryExtraction and Separation ProcessesMolten salt chemistry and electrochemical processesIonic liquids properties and applications