One‐Step Preparation of All‐Natural Pickering Double Emulsions Stabilized by Oppositely Charged Biopolymer Particles
Yunxing Li, Suijing Gong, Xin Guan, Hang Jiang, Shengnan Tao, Cheng Yang, To Ngai
Abstract
Abstract Double emulsions are complex fluid systems, which offer significant advantages over simple single emulsions for encapsulation, protection, and sustained release of cargos. However, they are thermodynamically unstable systems. Double emulsions are usually prepared using two sets of surfactants with different hydrophilic–lipophilic balance values. However, these surfactants often interfere with each other, thus affecting the emulsion stability. Colloidal particles have also been used to prepare double emulsions, which are known as Pickering double emulsions. The formulated double system is, however, temporary, and the adjustment of particle wettability is cumbersome and expensive. Here, the authors report a one‐step emulsification process to generate water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsions using two oppositely charged, plant‐derived particles, zein nanoparticles, and cellulose nanocrystals as stabilizers. The stabilization is attributed to the adsorption of aggregates formed by the two types of particles through electrostatic attraction at the oil–water interface with different curvatures. The application of co‐encapsulation of β‐carotene and epigallocatechin gallate is demonstrated, which synergistically improves their stability under different conditions. Therefore, the formulated all‐natural Pickering double emulsions can find applications in various industries, including food, pharmaceutics, and cosmetics.