Mycobacterium tuberculosis and myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Insights into caveolin rich lipid rafts
Leigh A. Kotzé, Carly Young, Vinzeigh Leukes, Vini John, Zhuo Fang, Gerhard Walzl, Manfred B. Lutz, Nelita du Plessis
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is likely the most successful human pathogen, capable of evading protective host immune responses and driving metabolic changes to support its own survival and growth. Ineffective innate and adaptive immune responses inhibit effective clearance of the bacteria from the human host, resulting in the progression to active TB disease. Many regulatory mechanisms exist to prevent immunopathology, however, chronic infections result in the overproduction of regulatory myeloid cells, like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which actively suppress protective host T lymphocyte responses among other immunosuppressive mechanisms. The mechanisms of M.tb internalization by MDSC and the involvement of host-derived lipid acquisition, have not been fully elucidated. Targeted research aimed at investigating MDSC impact on phagocytic control of M.tb, would be advantageous to our collective anti-TB arsenal. In this review we propose a mechanism by which M.tb may be internalized by MDSC and survive via the manipulation of host-derived lipid sources.