High-Tech Methods of Cytokine Imbalance Correction in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
N. А. Shnayder, Azamat V. Ashhotov, Vera V. Trefilova, Maxim A. Novitsky, German V. Medvedev, М. М. Петрова, Ekaterina A. Narodova, Daria Sergeevna Kaskaeva, Г. А. Чумакова, Н. П. Гарганеева, Н. В. Ларева, Mustafa Al-Zamil, Azat R. Asadullin, Р. Ф. Насырова
Abstract
An important mechanism for the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an imbalance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therapeutic and non-therapeutic approaches for cytokine imbalance correction in IDD either do not give the expected result, or give a short period of time. This explains the relevance of high-tech medical care, which is part of specialized care and includes the use of new resource-intensive methods of treatment with proven effectiveness. The aim of the review is to update knowledge about new high-tech methods based on cytokine imbalance correction in IDD. It demonstrates promise of new approaches to IDD management in patients resistant to previously used therapies, including: cell therapy (stem cell implantation, implantation of autologous cultured cells, and tissue engineering); genetic technologies (gene modifications, microRNA, and molecular inducers of IDD); technologies for influencing the inflammatory cascade in intervertebral discs mediated by abnormal activation of inflammasomes; senolytics; exosomal therapy; and other factors (hypoxia-induced factors; lysyl oxidase; corticostatin; etc.).