Detecting head and neck squamous carcinoma using a portable handheld electronic nose
Rens M. G. E. van de Goor, Michel R. A. van Hooren, Darius Henatsch, Bernd Kremer, Kenneth W. Kross
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Detecting volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath enables the diagnosis of cancer. We investigated whether a handheld version of an electronic nose is able to discriminate between patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and healthy controls. METHODS: Ninety-one patients with HNSCC and 72 controls exhaled through an e-nose. An artificial neural network based model was built to separate between HNSCC patients and healthy controls. Additionally, three models were created for separating between the oral, oropharyngeal, and glottic subsites respectively, and healthy controls. RESULTS: The results showed a diagnostic accuracy of 72% at a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 63%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75. Results for the subsites showed an AUC of 0.85, 0.82, and 0.83 respectively for oral, oropharyngeal, and glottic HNSCC. CONCLUSION: This feasibility study showed that this portable noninvasive diagnostic tool can differentiate between HNSCC patients and healthy controls.