Accuracy evaluation of 3D-printed noninvasive adhesive marker for dynamic navigation implant surgery in a maxillary edentulous model: An in vitro study
Kengliang Lan, Baoxin Tao, Feng Wang, Yiqun Wu
Abstract
• 3D- printing technology can improve the registration markers and experimental models. • The number of registration markers applied to edentulous maxillary patients is recommended to be more than six. • Compared with the traditional screw markers, the 3D-PNAMs can reduce the discomfort and trauma of patients. • Screw marks and 3DPNAMs showed similar accuracy when using the same number of registration marks. Dynamic computer-aided implant surgery (DCAIS) can improve dental implantation accuracy and reduce surgical risks. In the registration procedure of DCAIS, the type and the number of registration markers significantly impact the accuracy of DCAIS. One problem of DCAIS in clinical application is that only invasive screw markers can be used for implantation in edentulous patients. It could cause additional trauma, scar formation and usually increase patient discomfort. In this experiment, a personalized 3D-printed edentulous maxillary model was used for simulating clinical situations, and a 3D-printed noninvasive adhesive marker (3D-PNAM) was designed to figure out the above problem. In this research, six target screws were implanted into the model's maxillary alveolar ridge as targets for accuracy analysis. This study used target registration error (TRE) as an index to evaluate the accuracy of invasive screw makers and noninvasive adhesive markers. Results showed that 3D-PNAMs had the same accuracy as screw markers, and placing at least six registration markers in the maxilla was needed for good registration accuracy. The registration markers should be further improved and designed according to application areas' clinical needs and anatomical characteristics in future clinical studies.