MHD thermo-radiative heat transfer characteristics of carbon nanotubes based nanofluid over a convective expanding sheet in a porous medium with variable thermal conductivity
Dulal Pal, Gopinath Mandal, K. Vajravelu, Wael Al‐Kouz
Abstract
The impacts of thermal radiation (non-linear) and thermal conductivity (variable) on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat transfer over a flat stretchable surface by taking single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiple-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) inside the base liquid (water) embedded in a porous media have been analysed. We have utilized an appropriate set of similarity transformations to rehabilitate the governing partial differential equations into a non-linear ordinary differential equations system. These equations are then solved using a Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique with a shooting algorithm. The influences of several critical physical parameters on the velocity (V) and temperature (T) fields, coefficient of skin-friction (Cf), and local Nusselt number (Nux) have been examined in detail by plotting several graphs and tables for both SWCNTs and MWCNTs. The acquired outcomes show that SWCNTs in water-based nanofluid has remarkable effects on skin friction and the heat transfer rate when contrasted with MWCNTs. Likewise, the variable thermal conductivity enhancement diminishes the Nux, whereas the inverse impacts the expanding T ratio parameter.