Ultra-processed food consumption and adult obesity risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Sajjad Moradi, Mohammad Hassan Entezari, Hamed Mohammadi, Ahmad Jayedi, Anastasia-Viktoria Lazaridi, Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani, Maryam Miraghajani
Abstract
= 62%). Furthermore, every 10% increase of UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 7%, a 6%, and a 5% higher risk of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, respectively. Dose-response meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and abdominal obesity. There was also a positive linear association between UPF consumption and risk of overweight/obesity in the analysis of cross-sectional studies and a positive monotonic association in the analysis of cohort studies. Our study suggests that UPF consumption is associated with an increased risk of excess weight or abdominal obesity.