GDC-0326 Enhances the Effects of 5-Fu in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inducing Necroptotic Death
Zizhen Zhang, Fangyu Ju, Fei Chen, Haoyue Wu, Jingyu Chen, Jing Zhong, Liming Shao, Sheng Zheng, Liangjing Wang, Meng Xue
Abstract
AIM: Chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) is common in colorectal cancer (CRC). Programmed necrosis (necroptosis) is an alternative form of programmed cell death regulated by receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 and 3, assumed as a novel target of cancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to explore whether a novel small molecular agent GDC-0326 could facilitate the effect of 5-Fu through necroptosis. MAIN METHODS: Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation were performed to confirm the function of GDC-0326 in CRC cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence were conducted to measure the altered expressions of RIPK1/RIPK3 induced by GDC-0326. Subcutaneous tumor models were used to evaluate the chemotherapeutic effects and concomitant side effects of GDC-0326 in vivo. KEY FINDINGS: We found that GDC-0326 effectively suppressed the growth of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of necroptosis by GDC-0326 was correlated with the modulation of RIPK1 and RIPK3. Necrostatin-1 and GSK-872, inhibitors of RIPK1 and RIPK3, respectively, could rescue the cell death induced by GDC-0326. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that 5-Fu plus GDC-0326 evinced a better antitumor efficacy by suppressing tumor growth and increasing tumor necrosis with no increased toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that GDC-0326 plus 5-Fu has augmented antitumor efficacy and acceptable safety, which might be a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC patients in the future.