Low-lying excited state energy trap induced by cross-relaxation – The main origin of concentration quenching in lanthanide upconversion nanoparticles
Fuhua Huang, Niusha Bagheri, Li Wang, Hans Ågren, Jinglai Zhang, Jerker Widengren, Haichun Liu
Topics & Concepts
Excited stateActivator (genetics)Photon upconversionLanthanideLuminescenceIonExcitationQuenching (fluorescence)Materials scienceChemistryNanoparticleDopingAtomic physicsPhotochemistryAnalytical Chemistry (journal)FluorescenceNanotechnologyOptoelectronicsOpticsPhysicsQuantum mechanicsGeneBiochemistryOrganic chemistryChromatographyLuminescence Properties of Advanced MaterialsRadiation Detection and Scintillator TechnologiesLuminescence and Fluorescent Materials